week12 12/1

Dramatic structure (also called Freytag's pyramid) is the structure of a dramatic work such as a play or film.

                   

Aeschylus was an ancient Greek tragedian. He is often described as the father of tragedy. Critics' and scholars' knowledge of the genre begins with his work,and understanding of earlier tragedies is largely based on inferences from his surviving plays

                 flashback (n.) a scene in a movie, novel, etc., set in a                      time earlier than the main story. 倒敘

           foreshadowing (v.) be a warning or indication of (a                      future event). 鋪墊

           climax (n.) the most intense, exciting, or important                      point of something 高潮(故事情節)

           denouement (n.) the final part of a play, movie, or                        narrative in which the strands of the plot are drawn                    together and matters are explained or resolved. 結局

Cassandra , also known as Alexandra or Kassandra, was a daughter of King Priam and of Queen Hecuba of Troy. In modern usage her name is employed as a rhetorical device to indicate someone whose accurate prophecies are not believed by those around them.Nobody will trust her prophecy ability becausee of the curse from Apollo.

The Oresteia  is a trilogy of Greek tragedies written by Aeschylus concerning the murder of Agamemnon by Clytaemnestra, the murder of Clytaemnestra by Orestes, the trial of Orestes, and end of the curse on the House of Atreus.

week 14 12/15

A Christmas carol (also called a noël, from the French word meaning "Christmas") is a carol (song or hymn) whose lyrics are on the theme of Christmas, and which is traditionally sung on Christmas itself or during the surrounding holiday season. Christmas carols may be regarded as a subset of the broader category of Christmas music.

marshmallows for toasting

mistletoe is the common name for most obligate hemiparasitic plants in the order Santalales. Mistletoes attach to and penetrate the branches of a tree or shrub by a structure called the haustorium, through which they absorb water and nutrients from the host plant.

                       swell - swelled - swelled/swollen  (adj.) 臃腫的

                     

              well (n.) 水井 (v.) 湧出,湧上         

              mimesis → imitation, representation 擬態;模仿

              ambivalent → (adj.) having mixed feelings about                         someone or something  矛盾的

The Argonauts  were a band of heroes in Greek mythology, who in the years before the Trojan War, around 1300 BC,accompanied Jason to Colchis in his quest to find the Golden Fleece.

              ambiguous → (adj.) open to or having several possible                 meanings or interpretations  模稜兩可的

In Greek tradition, sphinx has the head of a human, the haunches of a lion, and sometimes the wings of a bird. It is mythicised as treacherous and merciless. Those who cannot answer its riddle suffer a fate typical in such mythological stories, as they are killed and eaten by this ravenous monster.

 

                

week 13 12/8

Aristophanes

 the Father of Comedy and the Prince of Ancient Comedy, Aristophanes has been said to recreate the life of ancient Athens more convincingly than any other author.

                                                  

                        Ancient Greek comedy

Ancient Greek comedy was one of the final three principal dramatic forms in the theatre of classical Greece (the others being tragedy and the satyr play). Athenian comedy is conventionally divided into three periods, Old Comedy, Middle Comedy, and New Comedy. 

Peloponnesian War

The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.  In the first phase, the Archidamian War, Sparta launched repeated invasions of Attica, while Athens took advantage of its naval supremacy to raid the coast of the Peloponnese and attempt to suppress signs of unrest in its empire.

Lysistrata  is a comedy by Aristophanes. Originally performed in classical Athens in 411 BC, it is a comic account of one woman's extraordinary mission to end the Peloponnesian War

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Vulcan (n.) the ancient Roman god of fire and blacksmit,as same as the Greek Hephaestus.

week 11 11/24

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   Apollo was the son of Zeus and Leto, twin brother of Artemis. He was the god of music, and he is often depicted playing a golden lyre.He was also known as the Archer
   Apollo was also an oracular god, as he was the prophetic deity in the Oracle in Delphi. People from all over the known world travelled there to learn what the future held for them.
   

         

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Dionysus was the god of fertility and wine, later considered a patron of the arts. He created wine and spread the art of viticulture 

. He had a dual nature; on one hand, he brought joy and divine ecstasy; or he would bring brutal and blinding rage, thus reflecting the dual nature of wine. 

1.           * immortal   (adj.)  1.that lives or lasts for ever 長生的；永世的；不朽的    2.famous and likely to be remembered for ever 流芳百世的；名垂千古的(n.)    a person who is so famous that they will be remembered for ever 不朽的人物；名垂千古的人物
2.              *  queer    (adj.)  極度快樂的;古怪的 ➡男同志   

                 scotch tape 蘇格蘭式方塊          biblical (adj.) 聖經的     allnsion (n.) 暗示，影射，諷喻

1.              *  altar  (n.) 神壇
2.              *  alter  (v.)  改變

                                  

                          Achilles is invulnerable except his heels  

                     

                           

                                                   

Icarus was the son of the famous craftsman Daedalus in Greek mythologyHis father was the creator of the Labyrinth, a huge maze located under the court of King Minos of Crete, where the Minotaur, a half-man half-bull creature lived.